Rule of thirds
erhaps the most popular technique with visual artists is the 'Rule of Thirds'. The idea is that significant compositional elements be placed along imaginary lines that break the image into thirds, both vertically and horizontally. Elements of particular interest can be placed at the intersection of these lines, for a more expressive and dynamic composition, as demonstrated in image below
The golden ratio is perfectly balanced, and that balance makes it pleasing to the human eye. Because of this, the golden ratio crosses from math over into art. The Mona Lisa, for example is a painting that uses the golden ratio. The golden ratio as either a spiral or a grid can help you to place the subject within the frame in the best way possible. While it’s based on mathematical principles, you don’t have to understand the numbers behind it